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1. Samples of a microbial colony obtained from the natural environment are not pure culture. They are mixed cultures because the environment consists of an array of microorganisms and not one specific organism. A sample obtained from the natural environment such as water or soil may contain several species of microbes that need to be further isolated to obtain a pure culture.
2. Isolation streak plate technique involves the dilution of the sample several folds and then streaking a small amount using a sterile inoculation loop on an agar plate in a zig-zag manner. This is done to obtain a pure culture of bacteria from a mixed population by separating the microprocessor. When the sample is diluted into a small concentration and is streaked onto agar placed, widely spaced, discrete colonies of bacteria can be observed. These isolated colonies can be further cultured to obtain pure cultures by picking and re-streaking them on fresh agar plates.
3. A microbial colony is considered a pure culture because it consists of single species. A single species of bacteria cluster and form an isolated colony on an agar plate which can be further plated on fresh medium.
3-1 - If your agar plate shows discrete uncluttered colonies then you have obtained an isolated colony. The following picture might help you to understand.
3-2. If you subculture isolated microbes into a sterile nutrient broth without any contamination, it will still be considered pure culture because it is single isolated species in a sterile aseptic environment of the nutrient broth.
3.3. A pure culture can become a mixed culture due to contamination. This could be caused by airborne bacteria if your conditions are not aseptic. Contamination is possible if the work area is not clean and sterile or if the glassware is not sterile. The contamination can transform your pure culture into a mixed culture and is hence problematic. So, it is very important to maintain a sterile and aseptic environment, glassware, and instruments.
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Answer:
Standardization
Explanation:
Standardization is creating standards to guide the creation of goods or services based on the consensus of all of the relevant parties in the industries. It also helps in ensuring the safety, interoperability, and compatibility of the resources. It is putting different variables on the same scale. This process allows comparing the scores between different types of variables To standardize the variables, to calculate the mean and deviations of the variables. This score represents a standard of the score that represents several standard deviations above the mean that is specific observation falls.
For example, A standardized value of 2 indicates that observation falls two standardization above the mean.
Answer:
(B) Led to the "one-person, one-vote" judicial doctrine - Prohibited oddly-shaped majority-minority districts
Explanation:
Baker v. Carr (1961) is a Supreme Court case concerning equality in voting districts. Decided in 1962, the ruling established the standard of "one person, one vote" and opened the door for the Court to rule on districting cases.
Shaw v. Reno (1993) In 1991, a group of white voters in North Carolina challenged the state's new congressional district map, which had two “majority-minority” districts. The group claimed that the districts were racial gerrymanders that violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In its 1993 decision, the Supreme Court agreed, ruling that race cannot be the predominant factor in creating districts.
Answer:
federal laws are superior to state laws.
Explanation:
The Federal Government is the superior government which is why the head of the Federal Government which is the President controls all the head of the state governments known as the Governors. The Governors are answerable to him and the States form their rules from that of the Federal Government with little modifications.
The Federal law is therefore superior to the State laws and if there is any clash then the Federal law prevails.
