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if an independent-measures study uses n = 15 participants in each group to compare two treatment conditions. then 28 is the df value for the t statistic for this study.
The t-statistic, which is used in statistics, measures how far a parameter's estimated value deviates from its hypothesised value relative to its standard error. Through the Student's t-test, it is utilised in hypothesis testing. In a t-test, the t-statistic is used to decide whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis. The t-statistic is used when the sample size is small or the population standard deviation is unknown. It is quite similar to the z-score in other respects. Once the standard deviation is unknown, the t-statistic is in use, for one, to approximate the population mean from a sampling distribution of sample statistics.
Learn more about the t statistic here:
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Answer:
An apolitical, hierarchically organized agency.
Explanation:
Max Weber was a German Sociologist who developed the theory of the structure of the authority. He also described the activities of the organization depending on the relations of the authorities. He defined an 'ideal bureaucracy' as a system where the rules and regulations, the division of labor and the hierarchy are distinct. He also included that such type of 'ideal bureaucracy' does not exist in reality and in the real world.
