It would be nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide (:
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Since Australia is located in the Pacific ocean, extremes of weather and climate happen throughout a season. El Niño is traditionally defined as a dry climate with reduced rainfall; in this happens to be more extreme in Australia because of its location. La Niña on the other hand is traditionally defined as a wet or cool climate with lots of rainfall; and this is indifferent as La Niña in Australia tend to be more extreme too.
Answer: A. Spruce trees reduce the sunlight available to young pine trees, thus decreasing the environment's carrying capacity for pine trees.
Explanation:
Carrying capacity is the maximum number of the members of the population of a species which an ecosystem can sustain in terms of availing the resources. The population size will be affected when the carrying capacity does not meet the demand of the population.
In the given situation, the pine trees requires the sunlight to mature whereas the spruce trees requires the shade to get mature. If the spruce trees are taller than the pine trees they are likely to reduce the available sunlight of the young pine trees. Hence, the environmental carrying capacity for pine trees will decrease in the absence of proper sunlight.
If the father had the gene BB (purebred & not carrying colourblind allele), then the answer will be a). All of their children will have normal vision with half of them carrying the colourblind allele.
If the father had the gene Bb (hydrid & carrying colourblind allele), then the answer will be d). 3/4 of their children would have normal vision whilst the last quarter would have colourblind males. This is due to them having to receive one colourblind allele from their mother on the X chromosome & one colourblind allele from their father on the Y chromosome.
