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Ivan
3 years ago
8

P6. In step 4 of the CSMA/CA protocol, a station that successfully transmits a frame begins the CSMA/CA protocol for a second fr

ame at step 2, rather than at step 1. What rationale might the designers of CSMA/CA have had in mind by having such a station not transmit the second frame immediately (if the channel is sensed idle)?
Computers and Technology
1 answer:
Karo-lina-s [1.5K]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

To avoid collision of transmitting frames.

Explanation:

CSMA/CA, carrier sense multiple access is a media access control protocol of wireless networks that allows for exclusive transmission of frames and avoidance of collision in the network. When a frame is not being sent, nodes listening for an idle channel gets their chance. It sends a request to send (RTS) message to the access point. If the request is granted, the access point sends a clear to send (CTS) message to the node, then the node can transmit its frame.

Many nodes on a wireless network are listening to transmit frames, when a frame is transmitting, the node has to wait for the access point to finish transmitting, so it sends a RTS message again to exclusively transmit a second frame.

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Programming challenge description: Write a program that, given two binary numbers represented as strings, prints their sum in bi
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Answer:

The program to this question can be given as:

Program:

#include<iostream>  //include header file

using namespace std;  

string add(string a, string b)  //define add function

{       //declare variable  

   string result = "";  

   int sum = 0,k,l;      

   cahr x;    

   k= a.size() - 1;

   l = b.size() - 1;  

   while (k>= 0 || l>= 0 || sum == 1) //loop

   {

   //addition 

       sum= sum+ ((k >= 0)? a[k] - '0': 0);  

       sum= sum+ ((l >= 0)? b[l] - '0': 0);

        x=sum%2;

      result=(x+'0') +result;

  // Compute carry

       sum =sum/ 2;  

       // Move to next digits  

       k--;  

       l--;  

   }  

   return result; //return value

}

int main()  //main method  

{  

   string a,b;  //string variable

   cout<<"Enter first binary digit: ";  //message.

   cin>>a;     //input from user

   cout<<"Enter Second binary digit: ";  //message.

   cin>>b;     //input from user

   cout <<"Addition :"<<add(a, b)<<endl; //print addition

   return 0;  

}

Output:

Enter first binary digit: 1101

Enter Second binary digit: 100

Addition :10001

Explanation:

In the above c++ program first, we include the header file. Then we define the add function in the add function we add two binary digits by passing value as arguments. In this function, we define a variable that is used on the addition of binary numbers. In this function we define the loop in the loop we check if two binary number is 1 then it will print 0 and pass 1 as the carry. after performing addition it will return value. In the main function, we take two binary numbers from the user and pass the value to the function and print function return value.

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Answer:

The program to this question can be given as follows:

Program:

public class data //defining class data

{

//main method

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{

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for (userNum = 1; userNum <= 4; userNum++)  //loop for print values

{

System.out.println(userNum);  //print values in new lines.

}

}

}

Output:

1

2

3

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Explanation:

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