Research has shown that there are both similarities and differences between genders and race or ethnicity when it comes to intelligences. There are many gender differences in intelligence some categories are more established by women and others by men. Woman score higher in spelling, verbal ability, emotion-detecting ability, and nonverbal memory. Men score higher in math and spatial aptitude. Research demonstrates that ethnic groups differ overall in their average intelligence score. They vary because of stereotypes, heritability, cultural bias, and socioeconomic disadvantages.
In the search for a better understanding of genetic and environmental interactions as determinants of health, certain fundamental aspects of human identity pose both a challenge and an opportunity for clarification. Sex/gender and race/ethnicity are complex traits that are particularly useful and important because each includes the social dimensions necessary for understanding its impact on health and each has genetic underpinnings, to varying degrees.
