Answer:
B. It inhibits the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis
Explanation:
Apoptosis is a cellular pathway that leads to programmed cell death. Viral FLICE-inhibitory proteins (FLIPs) bind to the adaptor proteins and block the interaction between the DISC complex with the caspase-8 protease enzyme, which triggers apoptotic cell death. In consequence, cells become resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis, a pathway initiated by the FADD protein which is known to recruit caspase-8.
Answer:
B i hope this help
Explanation:
The cell membrane consists primarily of a thin layer of phospholipids which spontaneously arrange so that the hydrophobic "tail" regions are shielded from the surrounding polar fluid, causing the more hydrophilic "head" regions to associate with the cytosolic and extracellular faces of the resulting bilayer. This forms a continuous, spherical lipid bilayer approximately 7 nm thick, barely discernible with a transmission electron microscope.
The arrangement of hydrophilic and hydrophobic heads of the lipid bilayer prevent polar solutes (e.g. amino acids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins, and ions) from diffusing across the membrane, but generally allows for the passive diffusion of hydrophobic molecules. This affords the cell the ability to control the movement of these substances via transmembrane protein complexes such as pores and gates.
I believe the answer is carbohydrates. if i’m wrong i apologize but i’m pretty sure its right
somatic hypermutation occurs only in the <u>V or Variable</u> regions of rearranged heavy and light chains.
Somatic hypermutation occurs only in activated B cells, not T cells. This occurs in germinal establishments inside of lymph nodes and the spleen, where B cells are stimulated and T cells are present. Somatic hypermutation is a procedure in which point mutations pile up at rates 106-fold greater than the background mutation rates observed in other genes in the antibody V-regions of both the light and heavy chains.
Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes is important in antibody-mediated immunity. SHM in B cells serves as the molecular foundation for antibody affinity maturation. In this way, SHM plays an important role in optimizing antibody-dependent immune responses.
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Answer:
The correct answer would be meiosis.
In diploid organisms, meiosis is the process that results in the formation of four haploid daughter cells from single diploid parent cell. Each of the daughter cell contains half the number of chromosomes present in parent cell.
It results in the formation of haploid gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females) which is essential in the process of sexual reproduction.
The fusion of gametes results in the formation of diploid zygote that is, maintains the diploid nature of the organism.
Hence, in absence of meiotic division the chromosomal number would keep on doubling after each generation.
In addition, crossing over (exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids) also takes in the prophase-I of meiosis I. It increases the genetic variation within organisms of the species. It may add survival adaptations to the population.
