Surface currents refer to movement of the top layer of ocean water. Surface water flows in to replace the sinking water, which in turn becomes cold and salty enough to sink.
examples of surface ocean currents are California Current (Cal) in the Pacific ocean basin and the Canary Current (Can) in the Atlantic ocean basin.
Deep ocean currents
Deep-water currents describe water movement patterns far below the ocean’s surface and the influence of the wind. When ocean water freezes, forming sea ice, salt is left behind causing surrounding seawater to become saltier and denser. Dense-cold-salty water sinks to the ocean bottom.
