ORF alignments above a certain threshold level with one or more genes in the database are presumed to encode a protein of similar function and such pairs are called Orthologues. They diverged by speciation.
<h3>What are orthologue genes?</h3>
Orthologue genes are genes that evolved by divergence from a common ancestor.
In general, orthologue genes have the same function in different species, but they exhibit sequence variation.
The alignment between orthologue genes exhibits sequence homo-logy in evolutionarily conserved gene regions.
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The correct answer is 4.) Eventually they become separate species
A process of formation of a new species from an existing species is called speciation.
When a single species changed into two or more separate species, is called speciation. Speciation can take place due to reproductive isolation. In reproductive isolation, the separated species no longer can interbreed among themselves. This is happened due to mating differences, sterility or environmental barriers which finally results into the adaptive splitting into two species.
Coral bleaching that occurs because of the introduction of foreign substances is xenobiotics. The correct option is C.
<h3>What are xenobiotics?</h3>
Xenobiotics are chemical substances that are unfamiliar to animal life and thus encompass plant constituents, drugs, weedkillers, cosmetics, artificial flavors, fragrances, dietary supplements, industrial chemicals, and environmental pollutants.
The xenobiotic involved in the metabolism enzymes play a vital role in protecting against environmental insults. Assisting in the metabolism and elimination of conceivably toxic compounds.
Thus, the correct option is c.
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