It was France and European powers as a whole.
Answer:
In foreign policy, the U.S. suffered from the so-called Vietnam Syndrome, which is a fear of getting involved in foreign ground wars that might become long, bloody stalemates with no foreseeable end.
You are referring to the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which was promulgated in 1883 and established that federal jobs must be awarded on the basis of merit - passing competitive exams.
Except the fact that Texas is a very diverse state with many different cultures
