Okay First off what are the problems and what are the hardest ones?
Answer:
As skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. This process is called Keratinization.
Explanation:
Keratinization is a process which changes the stratum corneum of the skin to a hard cover which provides protection.
The process of keratinization involves polymerization of keratin polypeptides. The keratin polypeptides gets polymerized into intermediate filaments of keratin. Each of the intermediate filament of keratin constitute around 30,000 polypeptides of keratin.
46 chromosomes, but 23 pairs.
B. The levels of classification increased. Previously there were only 2 domains of life, Bacteria and Eukarya, but an additional domain and Kingdom were added when the distinction of Archaea was observed.