It should be noted that a judicial philosophy in which a justice is more likely to let stand the decisions of other government branches is known as judicial activism.
On the other hand, a judicial philosophy in which a justice is more likely to overturn decisions or rule actions by the other branches unconstitutional, especially in an attempt to broaden individual rights and liberties, is called judicial restraint.
Judicial restraint simply means the power of judicial review to set aside government acts. On the other hand, judicial restraint simply means the refusal to strike down such acts.
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Answer: you can serve no more than 4 years
The answer is B) A series of actions by the Catholic Church intended to spread and defend the Catholic faith.
The counter-reformation was in response to the Protestant reformation, so the first answer is out of the question.
Martin Luthers own actions sparked the Protestant reformation, and as mentioned prior - it was a response to the Protestant reformation (however, during this time they did solidify the power of the pope).