Answer:
b) opening calcium pores in the membrane
Explanation:
The opening of calcium ions channels facilitates the migration of vesicles containing neurotransmitters in the pre-synaptic neurons to the tip of the post-synaptic membrane. at the <u>neuromuscular junction </u>These neurotransmitters can either be <u>cholinergic or non-chorlinergic.</u> <u>At the tip of the pre-synaptic membranes the vesicles empty their neurotransmitter contents into the synapse.</u>
The neurotransmitters, diffuse through the neuromuscular junction to bind with the receptors on the <u>post-synaptic membrane on the post-synaptic neuron.</u> This stimulates opening of<u> ligand gated sodium ions,</u> and sodium ions diffuse into the post-synaptic neuronal membrane, to cause <u>depolarization</u>. if the stimulus is up to the threshold levels it generate action potential.
Therefore , more calcium ions channels opening produces; more diffusion of neurotransmitters;leading to opening of more sodium channels for depolarization; and IPSP or EPSP generation.
Isocitrate + NAD+ -> a-ketoglutarate + CO2 + H2
The amount of ATP produced from one molecule of glucose will decrease because NADH is no longer produced in the isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction. Without generation of this high energy electron carrier there will be less electrons from one molecule of glucose that are transferred to and through the electron transport chain. So there will be less protons (H+ ions) pumped into the intermembrane space. So there will be less of a H+ ion gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to drive the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase.
Answer: Geologic time is divided into units. Major changes in the earth's surface or climate and the extinction of species help to divide the time scale into smaller units.
Explanation: Rocks grouped within each unit contain a similar fossil record.
As described in this case, firstly G.fuliginosa species of bird were live on Los hermanos island solely thus they didn't face any competition.
Darwin's finches are a group of birds that diversified after they migrated from South America to the Galapagos Islands. They each evolved on separate islands separated by large bodies of water. They are therefore an example of allopatric speciation. Repeated volcanic eruptions have helped shape the rugged mountainous landscape of the Galapagos Islands.
The Galapagos Islands are known for their diversity of flora and fauna. Many species are endemic and cannot be found anywhere else in the world. The Galapagos Islands lie on either side of the equator in both the northern and southern hemispheres. These islands are located at the confluence of her three currents in the Pacific Ocean creating an area where warm and cold waters converge.
Learn more about The Galapagos Islands here:-brainly.com/question/303869
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