1. How can differences of political opinion turn friends into enemies?
It'll happen quite easily actually. If two people (who happen to be friends) got into an argument on their opinions the fight can lead to them not being friends anymore. They might of respected their opinions more than each other which would eventually end in fight. (In my experience.)
2. Why is it important to understand people who think differently from you? In other words, why is it important to be "tolerant" of other people's political opinions?
Although it is hard to respect others political choices, you'll have to consider that they can trust what or who they want to. They also have their own rights.
This shows that they were very clever to make a stone wall. This makes trying to bring down the wall harder most likely make enemy think not to attack them.
Johannes Gutenberg is usually cited as the inventor of the printing press. Indeed, the German goldsmith's 15th-century contribution to the technology was revolutionary — enabling the mass production of books and the rapid dissemination of knowledge throughout Europe.