Vascular plants is the phloem, (vessal) that transports food and the xylem transports water. Nomvascular plants are small with no vascular system. Which means non vascular plants do not have a phloem or a xylem.
<span>Eutrophication or more precisely hypertrophication, is the enrichment of a water body with nutrients, usually with an excess amount of nutrients. This process induces growth of plants and algae and due to the biomass .... Although eutrophication is commonly caused by human activities, it can also be a natural process, ...</span><span>
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Answer:
Transgression is a geological event in which the sea level rises relative to the land, therefore I'd assume the answer would be A, a change in the quantity of ocean water.
Explanation:
I took the test on edge, feel free to correct me if I'm wrong :)
The role of ATP synthase in photosynthesis is to transports a proton down the gradient and uses the energy to complete the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.
Further Explanation:
Photosynthesis starts with the absorption of light or solar energy by the plant pigments called chlorophyll. The activated chlorophyll molecule helps in the electron transfer from one acceptor to another forming a chain.
The first phase of photosynthesis the light-dependent reaction in which the absorbed light is utilized to produce molecules carrying energy that is used in the second phase to form carbohydrates by reducing carbon dioxide. The first phase occurs in the grana region of the chloroplast and involves the transport of electrons through photosystem II (PS II) followed by photosystem I (PS I). The energy gained by the chlorophyll molecule is transferred to PS II in the form of electrons. These electrons are passed on further through a series of electron transporter or carrier from PS II to PS I. In photosystem I, finally, the electron is gained by NADP+ to form NADPH.
The ATP synthesis is produced by the use of proton motive force this reaction is catalyzed by ATP synthase. This a multiprotein synthase is also well-known as F0 F1 complex .The ATP molecule is synthesized when proton flow back from the inner membrane down the electrochemical proton gradient . ATP synthase has two components F1 ATPase and F0 which is embedded in the inner membrane and contain alpha, beta and C unit.
As the electrons travel along the electron transport chain, energy is released which helps in the pumping of protons (ions) into the lumen from the stroma through the thylakoid membrane. A proton gradient is developed which allows the movement of protons back to the stroma which in turn results in the formation of ATP through membrane-bound ATP synthase
The second phase of the photosynthesis is the dark reaction or the light-independent reaction happens in the stroma and utilizes the products formed during the light-dependent phase.
Learn more:
- Learn more about cell organelle <u>brainly.com/question/5923583
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- Learn more about the diffusion <u>brainly.com/question/1386629</u>
- Learn more about the plant <u>brainly.com/question/862697
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Plant Cell
Keywords:
ATP synthase, light dependent reaction, thylakoid, stroma, grana, membrane, photosynthesis, alpha , beta, proton motive force.
