Answer:
In biochemistry, two biopolymers are antiparallel if they run parallel to each other but with opposite directionality (alignments). An example is the two complementary strands of a DNA double helix, which run in opposite directions alongside each other.
Explanation:
Answer: the fossil record, biogeography, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, and molecular biology, Direct observation.
Explanation:
I believe the answer is protein synthesis.
Answer:
a. osteoblasts
b. osteoid
Explanation:
Osteoblasts are the fundamental cell of bone tissue. They are the cells that synthesize the bone matrix called osteoid from which it is made from the skeleton of bone fish, to the skeleton of humans. Since the bone skeleton is an evolutionary paraphiletic characteristic (it is present in several taxonomic groups that have evolved from the same ancestor).
Osteoblasts are responsible for the development and growth of bones during the juvenile stage of individuals and are also responsible for maintaining adult bone and regenerating bone when it breaks.
Osteogenesis is the process of differentiation of osteoblasts. The cells from which osteoblasts differ are called osteoprogenitors. The differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells, which come from the mesoderm, periosteum or bone marrow, is induced by growth factors called bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), capable of inducing the growth of bone, cartilage or connective tissue. When an osteoprogenitor cell receives a BMP signal, it quickly begins to express the genes to generate collagen, osteonectin and alkaline phosphatase, among other compounds necessary for bone growth. When the bone grows, it ends up wrapping some of the osteoblasts and they lose their ability to replicate, at that time they are dedicated to bone maintenance and not to their synthesis and are called osteocytes.
Answer:
A. parents: Hh and Hh
B. chances of being a carrier: 50%
C. 50%
Explanation:
A. Since hemophilia is a recessive trait, both parents must carry the recessive alelle for it to show through in the child. However, we know both of them are phenotypically normal, meaning a dominant trait (not hemophiliac, H) is masking the recessive trait (hemophiliac, h)
B. The options the woman has when you create a punnet square with her parents genotypes are HH (doesn't have any hemophilia, because hemophilia is recessive, so represented with a lower case h) Hh (there is twice the likeliness she is an Hh since it occurs two times when you combine her parents genotypes. Hh means she is a carrier, but does not have the trait) and hh (meaning she definitely has it). So there is four options, two of which mean carrier, meaning she has a 50% chance of being a carrier.
C. genotypes of the parents:
mom: Hh
dad: hh
when you create their punnet square, you will get two occurrences of Hh and two occurrences of hh. Remember that hh means hemophilia. This means the child has a 50% chance of having hemophilia.
