In gilled mushrooms, gills are used to maximize spore production. Gills of some mushrooms are folded and crowded to obtain maximum spore production. Other gills, spread towards the outer cap which gives way to new gill growth in between gills which is called partial gill. Some of the mushrooms grow gills in layers too.
Cells, like humans, cannot generate energy without locating a source in their environment. However, whereas humans search for substances like fossil fuels to power their homes and businesses, cells seek their energy in the form of food molecules or sunlight. In fact, the Sun is the ultimate source of energy for almost all cells, because photosynthetic prokaryotes, algae, and plant cells harness solar energy and use it to make the complex organic food molecules that other cells rely on for the energy required to sustain growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Cellular nutrients come in many forms, including sugars and fats. In order to provide a cell with energy, these molecules have to pass across the cell membrane, which functions as a barrier — but not an impassable one. Like the exterior walls of a house, the plasma membrane is semi-permeable. In much the same way that doors and windows allow necessities to enter the house, various proteins that span the cell membrane permit specific molecules into the cell, although they may require some energy input to accomplish this task
Hydrogen
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C) Chromosomes are made of chromatin, which contains DNA and proteins.
