I would say that the best tools for establishing and preserving freedom are the Constitution, courts, and legislature in general.
The Constitution is a set of laws that all people within one country should follow and it is a document which guarantees their freedom and equality. Courts and other laws do the same thing as well.
The English created new taxes on the colonists, who claimed that only their own elected representatives had that power.
Yohanan ben Zaccai was the one who founded a school that became a center for torah studies. Johanan Ben Zakkai was a first-century CE disciple of Hillel