Answer:
Voltaire was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher, who attacked the Catholic Church and advocated freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Against their concentration gradient means its active transport.
Diffusion is with the concentration gradient.
Osmosis is the movement of water.
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer: Option B.
B. The chromaphore retinal absorbs a photon of light, causing a double bond in retinal to isomerize from trans to cis configuration.
Explanation:
Bacteriorhodopsin is a protein used by archaea or half bacteria that pumps proton across membrane by using the light energy from sun to move protons across membrane. It is found in purple membrane of archaea cells which is known as two dimensional crystalline patches.
It captures photon energy through chromophore retina which is covalently bound and transporting the photons against their electrochemical gradients from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space.
 
        
             
        
        
        
fertilization comes first
it is followed by cleavage which is the rapid cellular division which forms the blastula
then comes gastrulation where the 3 germ layers are formed.
followed by organogenesis which consists first forms the organs and then comes the specialization 
Therefore your answer would be B
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
It can be used to produce complex proteins. 
Explanation: