Primary reinforcers have distinctive reinforcing qualities; not learned. In addition, secondary reinforcers has no inherent value and only has reinforcing qualities when linked with a primary reinforcers. The positive reinforcement is a desirable stimulus is added to increase behavior while negative reinforcement is an undesirable stimulus is removed to increase behavior.
Answer:
The letters of DNA pair up because they form hydrogen bonds: each contains hydrogen atoms, which are attracted to nitrogen or oxygen atoms in their partner
Explanation:
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Answer:</h3>
Enzymes functions in a specific temperature range.
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Explanation:</h3>
- Enzymes are biochemical catalysts whose function is to speed up the rate at which chemical reactions occur.
- Enzymes work best at a specific range of temperatures known as optimum temperature.
- Low temperatures below optimum levels deactivate the enzyme and thus lowering the rate of enzyme activity.
- Extreme temperatures, on the other hand, denatures the enzyme altering enzyme's active sites making it difficult for substrates to fit.
ATP is the required to power the Na+-K+ pump, which is also necessary for maintaining osmotic balance. The pump was requires for the ATP hydrolysis to drive its pumping the cycle. So, in the absence of the ATP production, the Na+ concentration that inside the cell will also increase. This is followed by the passive diffusion of the water across the membrane, causing the cell to be swell.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of the energy for the use and the storage at the cellular level. The structure of the ATP is a nucleoside and triphosphate, consisting of the nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and the three serially bonded of phosphate groups.
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The vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.
