Answer:
The primary causes of the schism were disputes over conflicting claims of jurisdiction, in particular over papal authority—Pope Leo IX claimed he held authority over the four Eastern patriarchs – and over the insertion of the Filioque clause into the Nicene Creed by the Western patriarch in 1014.
Explanation:
The African kingdom that used seashells as it is form of currency is Mali Kingdom
Answer:
The right answer is e.
Explanation:
At least during the first century of Islam, under the rule of the Umayyad dynasty, Islamic rulers were more tolerant of Jews and Christians who even occupied some high public posts in some societies. Later, stricter rules were enforced , including forced conversion.
