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dsp73
3 years ago
7

Which are the following statements are TRUE when concerning cells?

Biology
1 answer:
labwork [276]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

I think it will option b hope it helps

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Also the alimentary canal or digestive tract
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What is the biology?
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biology is the study of life
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Explain the interaction that occurs between a t-helper lymphocyte and a b cell when the b cell is being induced to produce peanu
Paraphin [41]

Answer:

           According to Dr. Ray Schiling (member of the American Academy of Anti-aging medicine) about 1.5 million people suffer from peanut allergies. The seeds of peanut (<em>Arachis hypogea</em>) contain an array of allergens that can induce the production of IgE specific antibodies predisposed individuals. Ara1 and Ara2 are most common seed storage protein that cause allergy. Other allergen proteins such as Ara3 to Ara 17 have also been identified that cause allergy.  


Entry of peanut allergen into body

When peanut allergens enter the body of an individuals it leads to development of different symptoms like itchy skin, tingling sensation, nausea, runny nose and anaphylaxis.  

Allergic response

There are two subsets of T-cells Th1 and Th2. Both invoke different response to allergens. Th1 direct a non-allergic response while Th2 direct allergic response ranging from releasing of histamine to anaphylactic response. The presence of IL-12 cytokines direct a Th1 based, nonspecific response.  


Mechanism of allergic response (interaction between helper T cell and B cell)

Step 1.  

           When allergen enter to body they are encountered by B cells. Immunoglobulin receptors on the surface of B cells recognize antigen (Peanut allergens) and get attached, which are then internalized and processed. Within B cells the fragments of antigens combine with HLA class 2 proteins.  

Step 2

             HLA class 2 with antigen fragments (peanut allergens) then display on the surface of B cells.

Step 3

            Receptors on the surface of helper T cells recognizes the complex of HLA class 2 and antigen fragments (peanut allergen) and is activated to produce cytokines, which activate the B cells.  

Step 4

             B cell is activated by cytokines and begins clonal expansion. Some of the progeny become anti-body producing plasma cells while other become memory B cells.  


7 0
3 years ago
How is it possible that over 20 million living organisms on the planet are made up of only 5 types of nucleotide based arranged
almond37 [142]

Answer/Explanation:

The DNA in all living organisms is made up of 4 bases, adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine. The RNA replaces thymine with uracil, making 5 types of nucleotide. The number of nucleotide pairs in a genome can range from half a million up to 100,000 million - meaning there are an exponential number of combinations of these 4 bases.

Imagine an organism exists that has only 2 nucleotides (<u><em>this is over 200,000x smaller than even the smallest bacterial genome</em></u>). If we allow any nucleotide at each of the 2 positions, then we have 4x4 (4²) or 16 possible combinations of sequences. For a nucleotide length of 4, the total number of possible combinations are 4⁴ or 256.

Since we are dealing with many millions of nucleotides, there are essentially infinite combinations of nucleotides, giving rise to the variation that produces over 20 million organisms on the planet.

3 0
3 years ago
If locusts killed off most of the plants in a region the carrying capacity for most organsms would
aleksandr82 [10.1K]
The carrying capacity would *decrease*, as there are less plants for organisms to eat.
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