“Crime” is not a phenomenon that can be defined according to any objective set of criteria. Instead, what a particular state, legal regime, ruling class or collection of dominant social forces defines as “crime” in any specific society or historical period will reflect the political, economic and cultural interests of such forces. By extension, the interests of competing political, economic or cultural forces will be relegated to the status of “crime” and subject to repression,persecution and attempted subjugation. Those activities of an economic, cultural or martial nature that are categorized as “crime” by a particular system of power and subjugation will be those which advance the interests of the subjugated and undermine the interests of dominant forces. Conventional theories of criminology typically regard crime as the product of either “moral” failing on the part of persons labeled as “criminal,” genetic or biological predispositions towards criminality possessed by such persons, “social injustice” or“abuse” to which the criminal has previously been subjected, or some combination of these. (Agnew and Cullen, 2006) All of these theories for the most part regard the “criminal as deviant” perspective offered by established interests as inherently legitimate, though they may differ in their assessments concerning the matter of how such “deviants” should be handled. The principal weakness of such theories is their failure to differentiate the problem of anti-social or predatory individual behavior<span> per se</span><span> from the matter of “crime” as a political, legal, economic and cultural construct. All human groups, from organized religions to outlaw motorcycle clubs, typically maintain norms that disallow random or unprovoked aggression by individuals against other individuals within the group, and a system of penalties for violating group norms. Even states that have practiced genocide or aggressive war have simultaneously maintained legal prohibitions against “common” crimes. Clearly, this discredits the common view of the state’s apparatus of repression and control (so-called “criminal justice systems”) as having the protection of the lives, safety and property of innocents as its primary purpose.</span>
Answer:
Secularism has a negative impact at both individual and at societal levels. At the individual level, studies show that people who don’t have faith / reject God become increasingly bitter, impulsive, indulgent, aggressive, lonely, selfish, chaotic, suffer greater anxiety, less loving (agape), less compassionate, more self possessed, despairing, substance abuse
Explanation:
Answer:
As a result of the rule limiting the size of the House of Representatives to _435 members, U.S. congressional districts on average now have very substantial populations
Answer:
If I had the power to change the course of history in my community, I would promote political education projects.
Explanation:
I believe that the best way to change the course of history in my community is to establish political education initiatives that allow my community to better understand the political system of our country and understand how not to believe and support conditions with facist, miraculous and deceptive speeches. When the community learns to choose representatives well, the course of history will change for the better.
The best answer here is b. estate tax - this is the tax that is applied on a transfer of wealth after the person died.
a. flat and d. recessive tax decribe how and weather the rates of taxation change for people who earn less or more (flat tax: everyone pays the same percentage).
