part 1: inconsistent
part 2: not uniformly available
hope this helps.
I would say C Duplication since both of the DNA sequences are identical.
400x because you have to multiply that 40 by that 10
Being passed down those things help them to the fact on offspring inharitence
Because we know that 15% of the population does not have the allele we can assume that at least 85% of the population has at least on copy of the dominant allele.