Answer:
In bryophytes, the sporophyte is minute and dependent on the relatively prominent and nutritionally independent gametophyte for resources. The moss gametophyte looks like a miniature herb, with tiny leaf-like photosynthetic organs. The gametophyte generation begins as a dormant spore, which germinates under appropriate conditions to produce filamentous and branching protonemal tissues. These form multicellular bud-like structures, each of which develops into a leafy shoot. The mature gametophytes produce male and female sexual organs, the antheridia and archegonia, respectively. The gametophyte is often sexually distinct, and plants are either male or female.
Each antheridium has an outer layer that encloses and protects thousands of motile sperm, which swim through available external water layer to the egg. Fertilization at the base of the cylindrical archegonium produces a diploid zygote which develops into an unbranched sporophyte. The sporophyte consists of a thin stalk attached to the gametophyte, and a capsule that encloses the sporophytic meiotic cells.
In recent years, the mosses Physcomitrella patens and Funaria hygrometrica have emerged as attractive model systems for studying gene function in non-vascular plants because of the relative ease of molecular manipulation by homologous recombination. Mutants affecting gametophyte development have been isolated and their analysis should provide insights into the molecular basis of gametophyte development in mosses.
Explanation:
Answer:
positive affects and negative
Explanation:
Habitat Destruction. Virtually all Ocean habitats have been affected in some way via drilling or mining, dredging for aggregates for concrete and other building materials, destructive anchoring, removal of corals and land “reclamation”.
Bugs with shorter bills had more access to sustenance, enabling them to deliver all the more posterity. Bugs that happened to have short breaks were better ready to feast upon the little organic products. Their expanded access to nourishment enabled them to deliver all the more posterity, which likewise had little snouts. In any case, bugs with little bills did not emerge so as to feast upon the little natural products. Transformative change comes to fruition as the extent of people in the populace showing a specific characteristic increments from age to age. The characteristic does not change step by step in all individuals from the populace.
Answer:
Proton has a positive charge.
Neutron has a neutral or no charge.
Electron has a negative charge
Explanation:
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