Answer:
A- A pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape
Explanation:
A rise or fall in the pH of the medium from the optimum of pH 7 usually affect the enzymes' active sites of and therefore the shape and the rate of enzyme activity.
Assuming the pH is too low, the enzyme medium becomes acidic;Acidosis. The high Hydrogen ions concentration interacts with the R-groups of the amino acids moiety of the enzymes, this interaction affects the ionization of the R-groups, disrupting the ionic bonding holding these R-groups in shape.
This results in loss of the 3-Dimensional shape arrangements of the protein molecule and therefore of the active sites. Since active sites of enzymes determines the specificity of the <u>enzymes substrate- complex </u> to give <u>enzyme-product complex,</u> the catalytic activity of the enzymes decreases, <u>the rate of reaction decreases,and products formation stops, and the reaction also stops.</u>
The same is applicable to extremely high pH=Alkalosis.
However, the effective buffer system of the body prevents this scenarios from happening in real sense in the body. Through mopping by the haemoglobin, excretion by the kidney, etc
<span>Cell membrane needs to allow and exit the materials that enter the cell because the cell needs nutrients and these nutrients are converted into molecules that aid in many cellular activities like repair, divide and form structures and biomolecules.
Also to excrete wastes and other harmful materials for the cell.
This continues because the cell wants to attain homeostasis.
Homeostasis is the state where the internal and external part of the body maintains and establishes balance and equilibrium. This is achieved through cellular processes in the body, the integumentary system regulates the body temperature, the hypothalamus –hunger and thirst of the individual and other interrelated organ systems that make the body healthy and in the state of equilibrium. Now, when diseases or disorders appear they disrupt the organ systems in the body thus, causing imbalance state –high fever, inability to focus and etc.<span>
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4 is the correct answer hope you get it right!!!
