<span>The most primitive vertebrates whose reproductive pattern includes the amniotic eggs are the reptiles.
An amniotic egg is filled with amniote, which are these membranes that have fluid in them. They serve to protect the embryo and enable it to survive any harsh conditions that may harm it. These cells have protein shells as well as calcium that provide further protection.
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The correct matching is as follows-
1. (pl. gametangia) an organ of lower plants, some protists and some fungi, that produces gametes- gametangium.
2. the reproductive cell in sexual reproduction- for example, the egg or sperm.
3. gamete-producing organ in animals - gonad.
4. cone-bearing plant - gymnosperm.
5. the condition of having isogametes - isogamy.
Gametangium refers to the specialized organ of algae, fungi, ferns and other plants involved in the production of gametes. A female gametangia is called the archegonia producing the egg cells and the male gametangia is called the antheridia producing the sperm cells.
Sexual reproduction is characterized by the production and fusion of the male and female gametes called the sperm and the egg respectively.
The gamete producing organ in animals is called the gonads. It is the testis in the male and the ovary in the female.
Gymnosperms are naked seeded plants. The scales or leaves modified to form the male and the female cones.
Isogamy is a type of sexual reproduction that involves the gametes of similar morphology with similar size.
During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from ______light_____, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from ______NADH/FADH₂_______.
<h3>What are the steps in photosynthesis?</h3>
- The first step in photosynthesis is the absorption of light by chlorophyll bound to chloroplast thylakoid proteins. The absorbed light energy is used to remove electrons from electron donors such as water to form oxygen.
- The electrons are then transferred to the primary electron acceptor, quinine (Q.). Electrons are further transferred from the primary electron acceptor to the final electron acceptor (usually NADP⁺).
- Proton transfer from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma via the F₀F₁ complex generates ATP from ADP and Pi.
- The NADP and ATP produced in steps 2 and 3 provide the energy, and the electrons power the process of reducing the carbon to a six-carbon sugar molecule.
The first three steps of photosynthesis, are directly dependent on light energy and are thus, called light reactions, while the reactions in the last step are independent of light and thus are termed dark reactions.
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