Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a protein molecule. Proteins are polymers — specifically polypeptides — formed from sequences of amino acids, the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid monomer may also be called a residue (chemistry) indicating a repeating unit of a polymer. Proteins form by amino acids undergoing condensation reactions, in which the amino acids lose one water molecule per reaction in order to attach to one another with a peptide bond. By convention, a chain under 30 amino acids is often identified as a peptide, rather than a protein.[1] To be able to perform their biological function, proteins fold into one or more specific spatial conformations driven by a number of non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic packing. To understand the functions of proteins at a molecular level, it is often necessary to determine their three-dimensional structure. This is the topic of the scientific field of structural biology, which employs techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and dual polarisation interferometry to determine the structure of proteins.
Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand amino acids.[2] By physical size, proteins are classified as nanoparticles, between 1–100 nm. Very large aggregates can be formed from protein subunits. For example, many thousands of actin molecules assemble into a microfilament.
A protein may undergo reversible structural changes in performing its biological function. The alternative structures of the same protein are referred to as different conformational isomers, or simply, conformations, and transitions between them are called conformational changes.
Answer: The principle of dominance states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive. An organism with a dominant allele for a particular form of a trait will always exhibit that form of the trait. An organism with a recessive allele for a particular form of a trait will exhibit that form only when the dominant allele for the trait is not present.
Explanation:
Dominant T t
TT Tt Tt T TT Tt
Recessive= t Tt tt
tt
Answer:
Cuticle
Explanation:
Plant cuticle is a waxy covering over the aerial epidermal cells of all the plants. Waxes are composed of cutin and a various organic solvent-soluble lipids. The cuticle is an extracellular hydrophobic layer which provides protection against desiccation and external environmental stresses. In other words the cucticle helps to retain water and give plants an adavanthe to live terrestrial life.
<span>The question says, 'during embryonic development, if the anus develop before the mouth, the organism is a ............ The correct option is B. In deuterostome during embryonic development anus develops first from or near embryonic blastopore, mouth develops later at some distance from the blastopore or from the opposite end.</span>
Answer:
<u><em>Some cartilage becomes bone through ossification during childhood development. </em></u>
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Explanation:
You forgot to include options.
