Answer:
Adaptive defenses include both humoral and cellular immunity.
Explanation:
The innate immune response is the non-specific immune response and serves to provide an immediate and general immune response. The adaptive immune responses are the specific immune responses. Adaptive immune responses include cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity.
Cell-mediated immunity includes T cells (cytotoxic and helper T cells) while antibody-mediated immunity includes the production of antibodies from B cells. Binding of antigen to B cells is followed by their transformation into plasma cells and produce antibodies. Some of the activated B cells form memory B cells that are responsible for quicker and strong secondary immune responses.
Answer: It means to guide and regulate chemical and physical parameters to keep your body or environment in a constate state for proper functioning.
Explanation: This is called homeostasis. The body has systems in place to monitor its components such as cells, organs and any other molecule needed to maintain life and good health. The body needs to maintain its temperature at 37°C, pH of blood at 7.4, water balance, osmotic pressure, growth rate and tissue repairs whenever it dictates the need, danger of infection or injury.
All of these form an integral part of a healthy living organism and it needs to always be stable, regulated and monitored. This is called maintaining homeostasis.
Answer:
Amino acid sequence is directly related to the differences in the DNA of the species.
Explanation:
Above situation is related to the evolutionary research in which scientists are in search of common characteristics between species and from those species they will examine the amino acid sequence of proteins because amino acids sequence is directly related to the sequence of DNA and DNA is the main thing among all other variables by which differences in species can be identified effectively.
When the patient with emphysema was
selected lung values changed (from those of the normal patient) in the
spirogram are:
ERV, IRV, RV, FVC, FEV1, FEV1 %
<span>The reason behind the changes of these values are due to the loss or inability of electric recoil. A spirogram (graph
like structure obtained by the respiratory movements) is measured by
spirometer.</span>
