European powers were able to take over Africa primarily due to the technology they had developed. Africans relied on simple weapons that is no where near the guns the Europeans used. The technological advancements made by the Europeans made they superior to the Africans. The result... a struggle in the African continent and for the African culture that last even until today.
The Gupta Empire is noted for the great amount of achievements in fields like medicine, mathematics, science, and technology so the answer is (3). The rest don't really apply to the Gupta Empire and wouldn't be as relevant to a study.
Answer:
john carl the second ghzgjigds
The answer for this question is true