Answer:
DNA vaccines consist of DNA vectors or plasmids (small double-stranded DNA rings originally derived from bacteria, but unable to cause infection) into which the genes encoding one or more immunizing proteins of the infectious agent have been inserted causing the disease to be prevented.
Explanation:
Vectors are the functional unit of naked DNA vaccines. Genes that encode the proteins of interest and are of bacterial origin are inserted into these vectors. Bacterial plasmids are circular DNA molecules that self-replicate extrachromosomally in bacteria. The genes encoded in these plasmids are under the control of promoters, almost always of viral origin. When a plasmid is introduced into the cell it translocates to the nucleus, where transcription of the transgene begins; the transcripts are then taken to the cytoplasm and translated there. The newly synthesized proteins are degraded in the proteasome to 8-10 amino acid peptides, which are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum. Peptides of high affinity with their respective MHC I molecule stabilize and enter the secretory pathway, thus reaching the cell surface, where they are coupled with the T-lymphocyte receptor (TcR) present on the surface of T lymphocytes cytotoxic drugs (CD8 +) to induce their activation.
I believe the answer is this:
DNA replication is called semi-conservative because half of the original double-helix appears in one daughter strand formed in replication if you need any more help then please comment and let me know ok. :)
Answer:
CFTR protein is found in the cells lining the lungs
I think it may be this but not quite sure
Lipids are primarily hydrophobic in nature, but there are a large variety of lipids such as fatty acids, mono-, di-, and triglycerides, for example (check wikipedia for more examples).
<span>Proteins are polymers of amino acids. </span>
<span>Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.</span>
