Answer:
The correct answers are the following:
a - 4 Sunk
b - 5 Opportunity
c - 3 Fixed
d - 2 Variable
e - 6 Incremental
f - 1 Recurring
g - 7 Direct
h - 8 Non-recurring
Explanation:
a) <em>Sunk costs</em> are those that have already occurred in the past and they can not be recovered again so therefore that they are not relevant at the time of taking decisions regarding the futue.
b) <em>Opportunity costs</em> are those that try to measure and show the sacrifice done at the time of making a decision when that sacrifice represents the best second option that the person could have done.
c) <em>Fixed costs</em> are those that are always the same amount and do not change with the activity level of the production of the company.
d) <em>Variable costs</em> are those that do change with the amount of activity level that the company has during the production process.
e)<em> Incremental costs</em> are those that increase the cost level of the production while the output level increases as well, so they are a concept on the margin.
f) <em>Recurring costs</em> are those that tend to repete continously in the production process so the company already know how much the amount of the cost is.
g) <em>Direct costs</em> are those that the company associates with the production process regarding the commodities and all the primary sources that are needed to produce the good and therefore that they impact directly in the production and in the cost of the final product.
h) <em>Non-recurring</em> costs are those that the company are not familiar with due to the fact that they do not repete often and therefore tend to happen once in a while.
Answer: indefinitely, the pension obligation will resemble a perpetuity. Suppose, therefore, that you are managing a pension fund with obligations to make perpetual payments of $1.4 million per year to beneficiaries. The yield to maturity on all bonds is 13.0%. a. If the duration of 5-year maturity bonds with coupon rates of 9.0% (paid annually) is 4 years and the duration of 20-year maturity bonds with coupon rates of 6% (paid annually) is 11 years, how much of each of these coupon bonds (in market value) will you want to hold to both fully fund and immunize your obligation? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answers in millions rounded to 1 decimal place. Omit the "$" sign in your response.) b. What will be the par value of your holdings in the 20-year coupon bond? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer in millions rounded to 2 decimal places. Omit the "$" sign in your response.)
Explanation:
Consider an enterprise with a capital structure consisting of 70 debit and 30quity. if you use the costs of debt and equity of the company from questions 6 and 7, 6.5% by the company’s WACC.
WACC = Weight of debt * Cost of debt + Weight of equity * Cost of Equity
WACC = 70% * 5% + 30% * 10%
WACC = 3.5% + 3%
WACC = 6.5%.
The weighted average cost of capital represents the average cost of attracting an investor, whether that investor is a bondholder or a shareholder. This calculation weights the cost of capital according to the debt and equity used by the WACC company. This presents a clear hurdle for internal projects or potential acquisitions.
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All economic systems must answer the 3 basic questions:
1. What goods and services will be produced
2. How will the goods and services be produced?
3. Who will consume the goods and services?