Answer:
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The reservoirs are the atmosphere, the terrestrial biosphere (which usually includes freshwater systems and non-living organic material, such as soil carbon), the oceans (which includes dissolved inorganic carbon and living and non-living marine biota), and the sediments (which includes fossil fuels).
Explanation:
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Answer:
C) Release of von Willebrand factor (vWF) from the endothelium, not the epithelium.
Explanation:
Hemostasis is the physiological process of reparation and maintenance of a blood vessel to stop excess loss of blood in case of vascular injury. This process occurs in four stages:
- Vascular Injury i.e. a breach in the endothelial barrier. This results in the dislodge of endothelial cells, exposing the collagen fibers underneath.
- Vascular constriction or vasoconstriction is the constriction of the blood vessels to prevent excessive blood loss.
- Platelet plug formation involves the aggregation and adhesion of platelets to the endothelium.
- Coagulation
Platelet plug formation occurs by the adhesion of circulating platelets to the collagen fibers that have been exposed by dislodging of the endothelial cells. The endothelium, as well as the platelets release a ligand known as the von Willebrand factor (vWF). This molecule acts as a relay or bridge between the integrin receptors on the platelets and the exposed collagen fibers.
Platelets also release chemicals to attract more platelets to the wound site, resulting in more vWF release. This results in more and more platelets adhering to the endothelium, leading to platelet plug formation.
Blood and lymph are the two circulating fluids in the animal body. Blood belongs to the circulation system whereas lymph belongs to the lymphatic system. Blood contains pigments which carry oxygen. Therefore, blood can be found in different colors in different types of organisms. But, lymph is a colorless fluid. Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and a fluid called plasma. Lymph is composed of white blood cells and a watery fluid. Both blood and lymph possess a circulatory function as well as an immune function. The main difference between blood and plasma is that blood circulates inside blood vessels whereas lymph circulates inside lymphatic vessels.
That is a subduction or convergent boundary that can form volcanoes when two plates collide against each other.
