People are exposed to natural radiation sources as well as human-made sources on a daily basis. Natural radiation comes from many sources including more than 60 naturally-occurring radioactive materials found in soil, water and air. Radon, a naturally-occurring gas, emanates from rock and soil and is the main source of natural radiation. Every day, people inhale and ingest radionuclides from air, food and water.
People are also exposed to natural radiation from cosmic rays, particularly at high altitude. On average, 80% of the annual dose of background radiation that a person receives is due to naturally occurring terrestrial and cosmic radiation sources. Background radiation levels vary geographically due to geological differences. Exposure in certain areas can be more than 200 times higher than the global average.
Human exposure to radiation also comes from human-made sources ranging from nuclear power generation to medical uses of radiation for diagnosis or treatment. Today, the most common human-made sources of ionizing radiation are medical devices, including X-ray machines.
Exposure to ionizing radiation
Radiation exposure may be internal or external, and can be acquired through various exposure pathways.
Internal exposure to ionizing radiation occurs when a radionuclide is inhaled, ingested or otherwise enters into the bloodstream (for example, by injection or through wounds). Internal exposure stops when the radionuclide is eliminated from the body, either spontaneously (such as through excreta) or as a result of a treatment.
External exposure may occur when airborne radioactive material (such as dust, liquid, or aerosols) is deposited on skin or clothes. This type of radioactive material can often be removed from the body by simply washing.
Exposure to ionizing radiation can also result from irradiation from an external source, such as medical radiation exposure from X-rays. External irradiation stops when the radiation source is shielded or when the person moves outside the radiation field.
People can be exposed to ionizing radiation under different circumstances, at home or in public places (public exposures), at their workplaces (occupational exposures), or in a medical setting (as are patients, caregivers, and volunteers).
Exposure to ionizing radiation can be classified into 3 exposure situations. The first, planned exposure situations, result from the deliberate introduction and operation of radiation sources with specific purposes, as is the case with the medical use of radiation for diagnosis or treatment of patients, or the use of radiation in industry or research. The second type of situation, existing exposures, is where exposure to radiation already exists, and a decision on control must be taken – for example, exposure to radon in homes or workplaces or exposure to natural background radiation from the environment. The last type, emergency exposure situations, result from unexpected events requiring prompt response such as nuclear accidents or malicious acts.
Medical use of radiation accounts for 98 % of the population dose contribution from all artificial sources, and represents 20% of the total population exposure. Annually worldwide, more than 3600 million diagnostic radiology examinations are performed, 37 million nuclear medicine procedures are carried out, and 7.5 million radiotherapy treatments are given.
The characteristics of Nepalese family are: The Nepalese family shares sympathy, help, co-operation, love and respect, justice, democratic values and religious beliefs. The Nepalese family gives love affection, care, attention and production to the children, adults and disables in the family.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man proved to be a very important document in the history of mankind. It played an important part in French revolution and also in American revolution. It stated that “All men are born and remain free and equal in rights” and highlighted aspects like freedom of speech, religion and expression etc. However, it can be argued that the declaration only suggested power of freedom for active citizens and those who were not considered servants. Yet, the points raised in the declaration supported the end of slavery in the coming years. Hence, this statement can be considered true that "one unintended outcome from the sentiment stated in this excerpt was that enslaved people in French colonies" must be given basic human rights.
Her depth perception was aided by monocular cues for relative size and light and shadow.
<h3 /><h3>What are monocular cues?</h3>
It is the phenomenon used by the human eye to understand depth in an eye, which helps in understanding the landscape and other individuals in three dimensions. Some of them are:
Light and shadow
Linear perspective
Overlap
Movement
Therefore, monocular tracks are also used in artistic composition, to create greater depth to works of art.
