Answer:
A. parents: Hh and Hh
B. chances of being a carrier: 50%
C. 50%
Explanation:
A. Since hemophilia is a recessive trait, both parents must carry the recessive alelle for it to show through in the child. However, we know both of them are phenotypically normal, meaning a dominant trait (not hemophiliac, H) is masking the recessive trait (hemophiliac, h)
B. The options the woman has when you create a punnet square with her parents genotypes are HH (doesn't have any hemophilia, because hemophilia is recessive, so represented with a lower case h) Hh (there is twice the likeliness she is an Hh since it occurs two times when you combine her parents genotypes. Hh means she is a carrier, but does not have the trait) and hh (meaning she definitely has it). So there is four options, two of which mean carrier, meaning she has a 50% chance of being a carrier.
C. genotypes of the parents:
mom: Hh
dad: hh
when you create their punnet square, you will get two occurrences of Hh and two occurrences of hh. Remember that hh means hemophilia. This means the child has a 50% chance of having hemophilia.
Answers:
- The sequence encodes a gene that is critical for life and cannot be easily mutated while retaining function.
- The sequence is contained in a retrovirus that has infected both species.
1- Explanation:
6.8 million years is a considerable period of time and if the cats were evolved in two different specie then technically they should have substantially different sequences of gene. However, there are some genes that are critical for the survival of the organisms because they encode a function which is equally important for the organisms of a certain category, even if they are different specie.
For example, the essential genes that are involved in maintenance of metabolism, initiation of replication or translation of genes. Therefore, with the period of time, the mutation of even a single nucleotide can be lethal for these genes, and if it happens organism will simply die. So, if one organisms is died that cannot take part in the process of evolution and would clearly be cut off from the process, However, those who survive can undergo some other mutations and become separate specie.
2- Explanation:
A retro virus inserts itself in to the genome of host organisms and become a part of them. It is very difficult to detect the presence of the retro virus until the organism undergoes infection due to its attack. Cats are a favorable host for retroviruses - called lentiviruses which attack the cats to cause a critical syndrome Feline Immunodeficiency Virus or FIV. Therefore, it is possible that same retrovirus having a particular sequence has attacked both cats and the sequences were taken from those cats.
Hope it help!
If you mean reliability for say an experiment.
1. Detailed procedure of the experiment should be published. How many samples were tested? List of the equipment that were used and justified explanations of the process. These are important in order to prevent things like conspiracy or oversimplified test (only using a small number of sample).
2. Experiment should be done not only by one particular expert, but lots.
If for example, Professor ‘A’ makes the hypothesis, he should not be the only one who does the experiment. Even if he has hundreds of assistant, it may not be fair, as bias may play a significant role. In order to reduce a factor called bias, other expert (with at least the same qualification) should take part in the experiment.
<span>3. </span>A wide variety of ‘sample’ (in psychology would mostly be animal, or human in some case) <span>must be tested. </span>It is important to remember that each person is unique while the world consists of 6 billion people. Therefore by testing a group from the same place or background might not be enough. Things like culture/background, physical condition or surroundings need to be put into consideration.
These 3 factors are very important in order for the word ‘reliability’ to be awarded. They will also be beneficial in terms of keeping us from having any knowledge that may lead us astray. Remember that knowledge comes from a hypothesis, and for a hypothesis to be approved; it needs to be tested first by experiments. Those 3 factors would be needed to increase reliability.
The conversation between madame valmonde and desiree gives an example of Foreshadowing; situational irony;
Considering this Quote;
Madame Valmonde "shuddered at the first sight of it.....It was a sad lokking place.......The roof came down steep and black like a cowl, reaching out beyond the wide galleries that encircled the yellow stuccoed house. Big, solemn oaks grew close to it, and their thick-leaved, far-reaching branches shadowed it like a pall."
The imagery in this quote reveals the darkness of a place that is ironically called a shelter, and Madame Valmonde mentions the "pall" that is cast over the house , that being a term related to death.
water, nutrients, and sunlight ''^^''
Explanation:
