There were many factors that led to the rise of political machines in American cities in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. One of the major factors that led to the rise of political machines was the rise of immigrant populations who sought to gain and increase their influence in the political realm and served as a powerful political tool for political machines. Political machines worked to enfranchise these voters through a system of patronage, and bribes and would bring them out on election days to support politicians who paid political bosses or awarded government privileges to. Positive aspects of this system were that it gave some increased level of representation of immigrant populations and worked to enfranchise these new political groups. However, these machines led to a high level of corruption and hurt the meritocracy of government institutions at the time.
This is a tricky question. All starting peoples had to hunt and gather food. However, this question asks for a civilization. A generalization answer would be foraging cultures, such as the <span>Dobe Ju'hoansi group in Africa or pastoral societies. </span>
"Red Army" is slang, I believe
The Silk Road trade was one of the trades that were stoped
He was a leading American railroad developer and speculator. He became very rich off of the railroad business.
