Answer: Alexandrium catenella is a species of dinoflagellates. Alexandrium has two flagella that enable it to swim. While one flagellum encircles the cell causing the cell to rotate and move forward, the other extends behind the cell and controls the direction.
The cell wall is composed of cellulose Theca.
Length 20 - 48 μm, width 18 - 34 μm
Yellow-green to orange-brown
Forms chains of 2, 4 or 8 cells
Answer:A material designed to produce passive solar energy can achieve energy savings of 70%. In addition to this great advantage, we show you what are the main benefits that passive solar energy can bring us:
Reduced maintenance cost. Since it has no external equipment to harness the energy, the maintenance required will be practically nil.
It is 100% renewable energy. It does not emit polluting gases and helps to maintain the environment, in addition to being an inexhaustible source which is the sun and we can always have it.
Energy and economic savings.
Reduction in the cost of electricity and gas bills.
Compatible with solar panel installations. In fact, it is currently considered as a complementary technology.
APPLICATIONS :Active solar energy is mainly used to obtain sanitary hot water, heating systems and to transform solar radiation into electrical energy.
Active solar technology is also used to produce air currents for ventilation or cooling and to store heat for later use. In any of these processes, the use of pumps and fans is required.
Other uses of active solar energy are:
Water purification.
Drying.
Evaporation.
Distillation.
Solar batteries.
Solar chargers.
Energy for street lighting, traffic signals and roads.
Answer:
<u>Channel proteins:</u><u> </u>
On the basic level of the cellular structures we can analyze the different proteins channels through which the different molecules are moved across the membrane by the basic concept of the passive diffusion. As for the transportation of the materials there is no extra energy required to carry out the process. While it merely depends upon the concentration of molecules on each side of the cell membrane.
<u>A- Types of amino acids R groups:</u> The non-polar amino acids which can form the bonding with the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids inside the cell membrane structures are present on the interior side of the system. They have the basic function of transportation of the materials across the membrane by the phenomenon of passive diffusion. As the R groups is found inside the amino acid glycine. While some of the non-polar amino acids are valine, methionine, and alanine etc.
<u>B.Interaction of amino acids in the interior of cell membrane:</u>
There some non-polar amino acids that are found in the interior side of the cell membrane, as it operates for the facilitation of the materials transportation across the cell membrane, by the formation of bonds with the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids.
<u>C.Polar amino acids on the outside of the cell membrane:</u> In order to facilitate the transportation of the molecules or materials across the cell membrane, there are some polar amino acids which forms the bonds with the hydrophillic side or head of the phospholipid molecules, leading to make more efficient in nature and enhance the capacity of the cell wall to continue the formation of the channels all across its structure.