Answer:
Noble Gases.
Explanation:
The reason why I say this is due to them having eight valence electrons, their outer energy levels are full.
It is needed by all living things and every living cell to carry out life processes, such as breaking down and building up molecules, and transporting many molecules across cell membranes. The form of energy that living things need for these processes is chemical energy, and it comes from food.
Answer/Explanation:
(1) a mutation in the coding region, resulting in an inactive protein
To check to see if there is a mutation, you could extract the DNA from the cancer cells and then perform PCR to amplify the gene of interest. You could then perform sanger sequencing and compare the sequence to the normal gene to see if a mutation is present. To test the effect of the mutation, you would want to see if an active protein has been formed.
To see if a normal sized protein has been formed, you could perform a western blot, comparing the protein band to the WT protein band. If the protein is absent or much smaller, it is likely not a functional protein.
(2) epigenetic silencing at the promoter of the gene, resulting in reduced transcription.
To check for changes in the epigenetic landscape of the promoter, you could perform chromatin immunoprecipitation by extracting the chromatin from the tumour cells and using antibodies for different chromatin marks to see what has changed between the normal cells and the tumor cells. E.g. H3K9me3, H3K27me3. You would perform a pull down with the antibody of interest and then PCR for your promoter to specifically look at changes at that gene compared to normal cells. To test DNA methylation, you could perform bisulfite sequencing.
To see how transcription is affected, you could extract RNA from the tumor and normal cells, and compare the levels of RNA between the two samples by qRT-PCR
Answer:
Cross-pollination.............
Multi cellular colonies of plant cells adhere to each other primarily by cell walls, whereas multi cellular colonies of animal cells are typically held together by proteins
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Explanation:</u></h3>
The organisms that contains more than single single are called as multi cellular organisms. They are just opposite to the uni cellular organisms. When many identical organisms groups to form together it is called as colonies.
It will be difficult in removing any organisms that forms colonies with the multi cellular organisms.The multi cellular organism of the cells in the plants are bonded to each other with the help of the cells walls. In animal cells these are bounded together with the help of the proteins.
