Answer:
C. The bacteria have high genetic variability and high reproductive rates.
Answer:
the answer is A. E. coli B
Explanation:
The multiplicity of infection (MOI) refers to the ratio between the numbers of viruses used to infect <em>E. coli</em> cells and the numbers of these <em>E. coli </em>cells. Benzer carried out several experiments in order to define the gene in regard to function. Benzer observed that <em>E. coli </em>strains with point mutations could be classified into two (2) complementary classes regarding coinfection using the restrictive strain as the host. With regard to his experiments, Benzer observed that rII1 and rII2 mutants (rapid lysis mutants) are complementary when they produce progeny after coinfect E. coli K (where neither mutant can lyse the host by itself). The rII group of mutants studied by Benzer does not produce plaques on <em>E. coli</em> K strains that carry phage λ (lysogenic for λ), but they produce plaques on <em>E. coli</em> B strains. This study showed that rIIA and rIIB are different genes and/or cistrons in the rII region.
Answer:D. Prothetic leg
Explanation:
All the other answer choices are still dreamt of by many scientists and engineers. but you always see people wearing prosthetic legs. D is the obvious answer.
Answer:
According to Dr. Ray Schiling (member of the American Academy of Anti-aging medicine) about 1.5 million people suffer from peanut allergies. The seeds of peanut (<em>Arachis hypogea</em>) contain an array of allergens that can induce the production of IgE specific antibodies predisposed individuals. Ara1 and Ara2 are most common seed storage protein that cause allergy. Other allergen proteins such as Ara3 to Ara 17 have also been identified that cause allergy.
Entry of peanut allergen into body
When peanut allergens enter the body of an individuals it leads to development of different symptoms like itchy skin, tingling sensation, nausea, runny nose and anaphylaxis.
Allergic response
There are two subsets of T-cells Th1 and Th2. Both invoke different response to allergens. Th1 direct a non-allergic response while Th2 direct allergic response ranging from releasing of histamine to anaphylactic response. The presence of IL-12 cytokines direct a Th1 based, nonspecific response.
Mechanism of allergic response (interaction between helper T cell and B cell)
Step 1.
When allergen enter to body they are encountered by B cells. Immunoglobulin receptors on the surface of B cells recognize antigen (Peanut allergens) and get attached, which are then internalized and processed. Within B cells the fragments of antigens combine with HLA class 2 proteins.
Step 2
HLA class 2 with antigen fragments (peanut allergens) then display on the surface of B cells.
Step 3
Receptors on the surface of helper T cells recognizes the complex of HLA class 2 and antigen fragments (peanut allergen) and is activated to produce cytokines, which activate the B cells.
Step 4
B cell is activated by cytokines and begins clonal expansion. Some of the progeny become anti-body producing plasma cells while other become memory B cells.
