The idea of the political party goes back the First Triumvirate of Rome. Marcus Crassus, Gnaeus Pompeius, and Gaius Julius all came to the realisation that they could cement their political power by forming an alliance. In this case it ended disastrously with Julius invading Rome, Pompeius having to fight him (and losing), and Gaius Julius getting to drop “Gaius” from the common usage of his name and add “Caesar” to the end of it.
Despite the outcome, the idea of creating a political power bloc has remained in any system of government that it can exist in. It allows the members to exercise more power and present a united front. Love them or hate them, it’s easy to find out what a major political party generally stands for.
At our last election, we had a series of independents running locally. Most had no website and no signage up around town. The only information I could find on them was a short write-up in the local paper. The write-ups tended to focus on one issue. For example, one candidate was a former nurse and passionate about protecting the healthcare system. That didn’t tell me how she felt about climate change, education, infrastructure, social policies, or anything else. No, it was way easier to vote for a political party.
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As the electorate expanded, the political parties evolved to mobilize the growing mass of voters as the means of political control. Political parties became institutionalized to accomplish this essential task. ... The number of independent or third-party members of Congress or of state legislatures is extremely low
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It accommodated many groups in Mexican society, including business and military leaders, peasants, and while they were keeping real power in their own hands.
Explanation: The PRI was effective in implementing many economic and social reforms in Mexico, but not through liberal democracy. It redistributed land to peasants, supported labor unions, built an education system open to all Mexicans, and nationalized oil. On the other hand, it instituted essentially a single-party system and cracked down on all political opposition.
The Italian Prime Minister Orlando didn't speak English,and as this was the language used by the other 3 members of the Big Four Allied powers,he felt left out and sidelined. It became clear that Britain and France were going to renege on the promises of territorial gains they had made to Italy in 1915 to get Italy to join the war on the Allied side. France and Britain had come to the conclusion that Italy had been more of a liability than an aset during the war - considerable aid in terms of arms and other supplies had been sent to Italy,as well as thousands of French and British troops,to prevent an Ital;ian collapse.Orlando thus wasn't held in very high regard by Clemenceau or Lloyd George. So really combination of these factors caused Orlando to walk out of the conference in a huff,feeling he and Italy as a nation had been insulted.
The answer is: Presidents
