<span>d. Traditional religion coexisted with Islam.</span>
Well i can at least help with some of it. During that period of time the church also controlled the science community. they believed that everything revolved around the earth (pre-sientific), so when Galileo and Plotemy made different theory from the church (that everything revolved around the sun) the church tried to silence them (enlightenment Ideas). in time it was accepted that the sun was the center of the universe (new beliefs). Sorry I cant help with the other two.
A. because during the Crusades the Christian crusaders were exposed to new things such as silk and textiles from the east that they found interesting and it helped increase trade.
At 1994 .....................
