Answer:)
abiotic:sand, water, algea, and (i think) coal in the top corner?
biotic: shark, shrimp, fish, and seal
Explanation:
abiotic is non-living things, while biotic are living thing (like animals)
Disagree because the could be harmful and they aren’t natural
The chloroplasts would be unable to generate ATP
If the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) outside of the thylakoids were equal to the concentration of H+ inside the thylakoids, the chloroplasts would be unable to generate ATP
Explanation:
As the high-energy electron from the reactive center of the photosystem conveyed from one protein to another in the protein transport chain of the chloroplast, the energy harnessed from the electron is used to pump H+ ions into the thylakoid lumen against concentration gradient.
The proton motive force created by having a high concentration of H+ ion in the thylakoid lumen than outside is to enable the creation of potential energy that is tapped by ATP synthase to create ATPs in a process called photophosphorylation. The ATPs made in this light stage is used in the anabolic process of the dark stage to make glucose through the reduction of CO2
Learn More:
For more on photophosphorylation check out;
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Answer:
d. less than 100% of the energy captured from sunlight is transformed into potential energy in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient and then into potential energy in the form of covalent bonds
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is process utilized by plants, several bacteria and protists to convert the light energy to chemical energy. So they utilize the photosynthesis as the powerhouse for the energy production. Heterotrophs like human that cannot synthesize their own food, use this converted form of energy by autotrophs.
During the light reaction of photosynthesis the photons from light are absorbed by photosystem I and II. These photons excites the electrons which flow through the electron transport chain from higher potential to lower potential. These electrons release the energy while moving from higher potential to lower potential which is utilized by H+ pump to pump the H+ to lumen of plastids from stroma and of course not the 100% energy is utilized some of the energy dissipates. . So this process causes the accumulation of high potential H+ ions across the membrane. These H+ ions are utilized for the production of ATP by ATP synthase complex when they flow back to lower potential across the membrane through ATP synthase complex.
The ATP and NADPH produced from light reaction are utilized to combine carbon molecules during dark reaction. The covalent bond is used to combine the carbon molecules and we know that combining carbon molecules stores energy in the form of covalent bond.
