Answer:
A. Botulinum toxin possesses a heavy chain and a light chain, each of which takes part in the toxicity. The binding of the protein and its invasion within a nerve cell is permitted by the heavy chain. After the entry is permitted, the light chain functions like a protease and chops proteins, which would usually permit neurotransmitters to discharge out from the cell. This is basically a commotion of exocytosis or the discharging of neurotransmitters.
The acetylcholine, that is, the obstructed neurotransmitter generally conducts a nerve impulse to a muscle, allowing the muscle to contract. By inhibiting the neurotransmitter, the botulinum toxin results in its distinctive flaccid paralysis.
B. The small doses of the sterile, purified botulinum toxin when used in a medical setting as an injectable form prevent the release of a chemical known as acetylcholine by the nerve cells, which signal contraction of the muscles. By selectively interfering with the underlying tendency of the muscles to contract, the prevailing frown lines are smoothed out, and in the majority of the cases are almost invisible for a week.
<span>Proteins are large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is decided by the nucleotide sequence of their make-up, and which usually results in folding of the protein into a three-dimensional structure that determines its job.
</span><span>Nucleic acids are linear polymers (chains) of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of three things: a purine , nitrogenous base a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.
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Basically Proteins are chains of amino acids, nucleic acids are chains of nucleosides (base+sugar+phosphate), and the sequence of nucleic acid results in the specific sequence of amino acids in the protein, finnally determining its shape and function. </span>
I think its called the <span>doldrums. I had a friend who lived in Africa on the equator and i remember her mentioning this (this was also in 2007, so dont quote me here lol)
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Biological or "Darwinian" fitness is being able to live long enough to reproduce and keep the population or species alive.
As described above, the condition will lead or cause the lung tissue to be less elastic. That being said, the lungs will be limited due to its stiffness. This will lead to decreased lung capacity as well as decreased vital capacity.
