Why do researchers usually trust the reliability of information obtained from scholarly journals, major newspapers, and well-known magazines<u> they have gone through the most rigorous review process</u>
<h3>What is
scholarly journals?</h3>
An academic journal, also known as a scholarly magazine, is a quarterly publication that publishes scholarly work related to a specific academic topic. Academic journals provide ongoing, open debate forums for the presentation, evaluation, and presentation of research. They almost always need peer review or other analysis from contemporary experts who are recognized in their domains. Original research pieces, review articles, and book reviews are the most common types of content. Henry Oldenburg, the founding editor of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, stated that the goal of an academic journal is to provide a forum for researchers to "impart their knowledge to one another, and contribute what they can to the Grand Design of improving natural knowledge, and perfecting all Philosophical Arts, and Sciences."
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Answer:
ordinary income
Explanation:
All the distributions upon retirement from the defined benefit plans are taxed as ordinary income.
A defined benefit plan is defined as a pension plan where an employee gets a lump sum amount as a pension after retirement. But the distributions of full amount of the benefit plan are taxed as an ordinary income.
Minimum distributions are needed for a year where an employee attains 70½ years age or retires, whichever comes later.
Based on the political manifestation, the founders of the United States included the "necessary and proper" clause to give Congress the authority or power to legislate for "carrying into execution" the powers of another branch of government.
Another obvious reason that is considered as to why the founders of the United States include the "necessary and proper" is to regard and strengthen the principle of separation of powers.
The necessary and proper clause can be found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 of the United States Constitution.
This clause gives the U.S Congress implied powers to carry out other governmental functions other than those specified by the expressed power.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the necessary and proper clause gives Congress more powers in the United States.
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The Speaker of the House would take over as President if both the vice president and President were no longer able to fulfill their duties.
