Evolution is caused by genetic mutations that become favorable for survival.
For example if a bird has a mutation that gives it a longer beak and it lives in an environment in which a longer beak lets the bird catch more food- the longer beak becomes a favorable trait.
Now the bird is able to survive “better” thus it lives longer(due to its ability to catch more food). Because of this it reproduces more and passes the trait on to its offspring.
Overtime this mutation takes over the population of birds in the area.
Explanation:
As the two plates move away from each other in a divergent boundary, the magma from the mantle beneath rises to replace the void created. The magma then cools into a new crust. Before the magma cools, the iron minerals align themselves with the magnetic fields of the earth due to their ferromagnetic properties. These cause the rocks after they are cooled to seem to have bands.
Due to magnetic reversals of the earth's magnetic fields (i.e change in magnetic north and south poles) over several hundred thousand years, these bands will orient differently depending on the then earth magnetic polarity when the magma was cooling.
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