Answer:
a. Ending segregation by eliminating " Jim Crow" laws.
b. Protecting the equality and full citizenship of African Americans.
Answer: c. formal social sanctions.
Explanation:
Formal sanctions are those sanction which are imposed by the formal means by the institution upon group of individual or single individual. These sanctions includes the fines generated due to the deviations or delinquent behaviors or the rewards are provided for compliance.
These sanctions are often documented, recorded in the regulations, policies and rules.
The formal social sanctions includes the punishment to the deviants.
In the congressional proposal method, two-thirds of both chambers of Congress must propose an amendment. The proposed amendment must then be ratified by three-fourths of state conventions or state legislatures, as chosen by Congress. Diagram of each form of proposing and ratifying an amendment.