The shorter the food chain, the larger amount of energy obtained.
Hence, the consumer furthest away from the producer obtains the least energy.
The quaternary consumer is furthest away. Most energy is lost by then. Hence, it has access to the smallest supply of energy.
Mutualism, where both organisms benefit. Parasitism<span>, where one organism benefits and causes harm to the other organism. Hope this helps.</span>
For radioactive decay:
N = N(0) x exp(-λt), where λ is the decay constant equivalent to ln(2)/half life, N is the amount after a given amount of time, t is the time passed and N(0) is the initial amount.
1)
N = 24 x exp(-ln(2)/4.5 x 36)
N = 0.09375 mg
2)
1.2 = 9.6 x exp(-ln(2)/4.5 x t)
ln(1.2/9.6) = -t x ln(2)/4.5
t = 13.5 days
the answer is C. hope this helps
