Ion channels are membrane proteins that produce pores in the membrane and permit ions to pass through the pore. Two main types of ion channels resent on neurons are as follows: Ligand gated and voltage gates ion channels.
Ligand-gated ion channels open or close in response to the binding of ligands to the channel, whereas voltage-gated ion channels, open or close in response to the voltage gradient across the plasma membrane.
Ion channels in neurons are gated pores whose opening and closure are often controlled by ligands or voltage.
Dendrites and the cell body of the neuron consist of chemically-gated channels and for the most part, Voltage-gated channels are present at the nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons, in unmyelinated axons, and on the axon hillock.
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The predominantly single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are classified as prokaryotes (pro– = before; –karyon– = nucleus). Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes (eu– = true).
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Cells are considered the basic units of life in part because they come in discrete and easily recognizable packages. That's because all cells are surrounded by a structure called the cell membrane — which, much like the walls of a house, serves as a clear boundary between the cell's internal and external environments.
