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The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, or the GEACPS, was an imperialist concept which was developed in the Empire of Japan and propagated to Asian populations which were occupied by it from 1931 to 1945. It extended across the Asia-Pacific and promoted the cultural and economic unity of East Asians, Southeast Asians, South Asians and Oceanians. It also declared the intention to create a self-sufficient bloc of Asian nations which would be led by the Japanese and be free from the rule of Western powers. The idea was first announced on 1 August 1940 in a radio address delivered by Foreign Minister Yōsuke Matsuoka.
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The critique of capitalism refers to views and theories that criticize the economic order that spreads with industrialization, which is based on private property, market economy, capital accumulation, dependent wage labor and the individual pursuit of profit, either in principle or in individual aspects.
Hardly different from capitalism itself, the history of criticism of capitalism dates back to the 19th century. The criticism is expressed in individual elements of capitalism such as money and interest management, private ownership of means of production and maximization of profit as well as the consequences attributed to them such as exploitation and impoverishment of the working class.
Practical criticism of capitalism can manifest itself in the establishment of cooperatively organized companies and banks or alternative economic sectors as well as in the partial or full takeover of individual economic segments by actors who pursue less individual pursuit of profit than tasks and goals oriented towards the common good.
Early in the twentieth century, rapid economic and technological change, increasing competition among powerful states, and resistance to European domination worked together to destabilize the world system. Underlying tensions and weaknesses led to a series of crises that altered the world in several important ways.
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Federalism is mainly understood to be an organizational principle in which the individual members (member states) have a limited independence and statehood, but are united to a sovereign overarching federal state.
A federal state consists of sub-states that exercise certain (limited) competences under constitutional law that are not derived from the federal government as a whole. In addition to the state as a whole, the member states of a federal state therefore have their own, original autonomy over the population in their territory in terms of constitutional law.
