Seedless plants do not have seeds or stems making the answer c. spores
Proteins is made up of a sequence of an amion group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom and a side chain bonded to the centralcarbon atom.
There is only one measure of "evolutionary success": having more offspring. A "useful" trait gets conserved and propagated by the simple virtue of there being more next-generation individuals carrying it and particular genetic feature "encoding" it. That's all there is to it.
One can view this as genes "wishing" to create phenotypic features that would propagate them (as in "Selfish Gene"), or as competition between individuals, or groups, or populations. But those are all metaphors making it easier to understand the same underlying phenomenon: random change and environmental pressure which makes the carrier more or less successful at reproduction.
You will sometimes hear the term "evolutionary successful species" applied to one that spread out of its original niche, or "evolutionary successful adaptation" for one that spread quickly through population (like us or our lactase persistence mutation), but, again, that's the same thing.
Fragmentation is the breaking of the body into parts and then the organism develops all the parts of the body. The fragmentation is the type of reproduction in lower organisms. The fragments which are produced can develop into new organisms.
