Professional antigen-presenting cells, such as phagocytes, are the first cells to encounter a pathogen (apcs). This means they have the ability to activate cells of the adaptive immune system.
<h3>What is meant by Pathogen?</h3>
- A pathogen is an organism that infects its host with disease, and the severity of the disease symptoms is referred to as virulence.
- Pathogens include viruses, bacteria, unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes, and a wide range of other organisms.
- The bone marrow of an average healthy adult generates 100 billion new neutrophils per day. Because there are so many neutrophils in the body at any given time, they are often the first cells to reach the site of an infection.
- Long thought to be a component of the innate immune system, complement has recently emerged as an important regulator of the adaptive immune response.
Therefore the correct option is D) can activate cells of the adaptive immune system.
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I think it A I hope this help
TEMPURATURE:
Raising temperature generally speeds up a reaction, and lowering temperature slows down a reaction. However, extreme high temperatures can cause an enzyme to lose its shape (denature) and stop working.
pH:
Each enzyme has an optimum pH range. Changing the pH outside of this range will slow enzyme activity. Extreme pH values can cause enzymes to denature.
DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES:
Increasing substrate concentration also increases the rate of reaction to a certain point. Once all of the enzymes have bound, any substrate increase will have no effect on the rate of reaction, as the available enzymes will be saturated and working at their maximum rate.
I got these explanations from khan academy :)
The answer should be agriculture.
Agriculture means farming of crops or the rearing of animals, either for their own use or for commercial purposes. Rural area means a place away from the city, opposite of urban areas, with little buildings and most likely have a smaller population.
On the other hand, construction and manufacturing most likely is going to be common in urban area, as urban area is more likely to have more buildings being built and most of the products are made in the factories in urban areas. Therefore, the only activity that is almost practiced exclusively in rural area is agriculture. Urban areas don't have much space and well environment for agriculture activities.
Agriculture activities can be energy consuming as some may require different machines to help with farming processes such as harvesting or irrigation.
Line graphs can also be used to compare changes over the same period of time for more than one group. Bar graphs are used to compare things between different groups or to track changes over time.
